Criminal Justice theory of crime Essay

There is no single cause of crime, it is rooted in a diversity of casual factors and takes a variety of forms, depending on the situation in which it occurs. Nonetheless, some theories of human behavior help us understand why certain people engage in acts that society defines as criminal or deviant, while others do not. A theory is a kind of model. Theories posit relationships, often of a casual sort, between events and things under study. Theories once created must be tested to determine whether they are valid and modern criminology has become increasingly scientific. There are many different theories that suggest why people commit crimes. Each of which has there own scientific explanation. Early biological theories of crime tried to establish a connection between physical deformity, disability and ugliness with crime. While borderline scientific disciplines such as physiognomy attempted to establish a link between facial features, personality and crime. Explanation of biological theories of crime favors biological traits as a dominant factor that will affect human behavior and actions. Biological theories of crime which in past years has fallen into disrepute are beginnings to experience something of a contemporary resurgence. Most early theories of the biological school of crime causation, which built on inherited or bodily characteristics and features, made certain fundamental assumptions. Basic determinants of human behavior, including criminal tenancies. The basic determinants of human behavior, including criminality, may be passed on from generation to generation. In other behavior is the result of biords, a penchant for crime may be inherited. Biological theories tended towards seeing crime as a form of illness, caused by pathological factors specific to certain classes of individuals. We assume people were born criminals Cesare Lombroso famous criminologist, rejected the classical school or rational choice model because he believe criminality was inherited.

Not an Egselent day for eggs.

Last night at approximately 3am, the police alongside animal welfare organisations raided ‘Egg-sellent Eggs Limited' in the east of Sussex after a four month investigation of the cruelty and welfare of animals. Nicholas Thrushball, aged 44, founder and director of the company was arrested under the ‘animal welfare act 2006' in which it cogently enforces that animals should live in a suitable and humane environment. Owner of this nationally known company was allegedly beating, hitting and mistreating the chickens in his welfare as well as storing them in shocking, suffocating conditions. The four month investigation consisted of hiding and monitoring cameras placed around the site as well as taking hygienic tests within and around the premises. The cameras revealed disturbing videos of the hens being electrocuted resulting in to the bone melting to form the shell of eggs. Also it was recorded that the hens were laying five eggs per week, thats 300 per year. A hen living in the wild is expected to lay 20 in a year and 240 in their life time of an approximate 12 years. Miss S. Ellis, Director of the ‘Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals' stated after the raid â€Å"Its horrific think that the most reputable egg company in the Midlands treats its hens in a way that literally make me feel sick!† Miss Ellis later told the Guardian that Mr Thrushball made an annual turnover of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½70,000 in 2009 as a result of storing 30 hens in 1 square metre of their premises compared to the recommended 10! Sainsbury's manager Chloe Simons, a Christian mother of two said, ‘I'm disgusted to know my supermarket sells ‘Egg-sellent Eggs' Ltd. There are many Christian consumers out there and they too shall be appalled about the news they have heard. In the Bible it clearly states that all animals need to be kept in humane conditions, clearly this is the opposite!† Single mum of two said â€Å"I have been eating ‘Egg-sellent Eggs' eggs since a very young age and I feel really disappointed and cheated on after knowing the conditions the hens had been living in. I shall not be buying my eggs from this company and shall be looking into buying free range and organic produce where I know the animal has suffered little pain.† Organic produce and free range eggs are becoming increasingly popular in England and without a doubt, the world. Organic produce from animals as well as plants are ones of which no pesticides, antibiotics or hormones have been added to it. Free range eggs enable the hens and birds to roam around within the premises unlike the thronged factory farmed premises.

Cardiac Muscle Excitation Contraction Mediated From Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Biology Essay

Cardiac Muscle Excitation Contraction Mediated From Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Biology Essay In cardiac muscle, excitation-contraction coupling is mediated by calcium-induced calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum through ryanodine receptors that are activated by calcium entry through L-type calcium channels on the sarcolemmal membrane. Although Ca2+ induced Ca2+ release triggered by the L-typed calcium current is the primary pathway for triggering Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, there are many other mechanisms that can also activate Ca2 + release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum such as Calcium induced calcium release (CICR) induced by T-typed calcium current, CICR triggered by calcium influx through Na+/Ca2+ exchange, and CICR mediated by calcium through tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive Ca2+ current (ICa,TTX). As calcium is an important second messenger which is essential in regulating cardiac electrical activity as well as being the main activator of the myofilaments to which cause cardiac contraction. Mishandling of calcium is thought to lead many pathophysiol ogical conditions.  Knowledge of the mechanisms involved in regulating intracellular calcium and therefore contraction of the heart, may help to prevent and/or treat pathological conditions such as cardiac hypertrophy, arrhythmias or heart failure by using therapeutic agents targeted at modulating intracellular calcium. LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Calcium transport in ventricular myocytes 3 Figure 2: Six possible mechanism of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling 9 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS LTCC = L-type calcium channels CICR = Calcium induced calcium release ECC = Excitation-contraction coupling NCX = Sodium-Calcium Exchange SR = Sarcoplasmic Recticulum ICa = Calcium current ICa,T = T-type calcium current ICa,L = L-type calcium current ICa,TTX = Tetrodotoxin-sensitive calcium current RyRs = Ryanodine Receptor [Ca2+]i = Intracellular calcium concentration [Ca2+]Tot = Total concentration of Calcium PKA = Protein Kinase A LVH = Left Ventricular Hypertrophy HOCM = Hypertrophic obstructiv e cardiomyopathy Introduction In heart muscle cell, the depolarization of action potential is due to the entering of Na+ ions via voltage gated Na+ channels and it is called fast inward current. The immediate repolarization is not possible due to rapidly inactivation of Na+ channel and initial depolarization allow the entering of calcium through voltage-grated Ca2+ channels and it is called second or the slow inward current. The rate of sodium channels inactivation is more rapid than that of calcium channels so that Ca2+ enters into the cell providing the membrane potential to close to 0mV for some part of action potential of heart muscle (Reuter, 1984). Excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) is the process in which an action potential triggers a myocyte to contract. In excitable muscle cells, the excitation signal causes rapid depolarization that produces the physiological response of contraction. Calcium is a ubiquitous second messenger, important in both, regulating the electrical activity of the heart as well as stimulating the myofilaments directly to cause contraction (Bers, 2001). In mammalian cardiac myocytes, the process of ECC is mediated by Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space that triggers Ca2+ Calcium – induced Calcium release (CICR) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) (Bers, 1991; Stern & Lakatta, 1992). When action potential reaches the myocyte, causing it to undergo depolarization, which causes calcium ions to enter the cell through L type calcium channel located on the sarcolemma and thereby trigger calcium release from the SR. Calcium influx and the intracellular calcium concentration trigger the contraction of heart due to binding of Ca2+ to cardiac muscle fiber protein, troponin C. For activation of SR calcium release, the L-type calcium current is the most widely accepted mechanism thought to be responsible for CICR. However, SR calcium release can also be triggered by calcium influx through sodium-calcium exchange, calcium infl ux via T-type Ca2+ current or through tetrodotoxin-sensitive Ca2+ current, or Inositol (1,4,5)-triphosphate (but not so much in cardiac muscle). Declining of calcium level in the cells cause the detachment of calcium from myofilament and resulting in relaxation of the heart. There are four main pathways for Ca2+ transport out of the cytosol including SR Ca2+ ATPase, sarcolemmal Ca2+-ATPase or mitochondrial Ca2+ uniport and sarcolemmal Na+/Ca2+ exchange. (Bers, 2002).

The golden party- Kathrine mansfield and Veblen Thesis

The golden party- Kathrine mansfield and Veblen - Thesis Example On the other hand, the theory of the leisure class by Veblen explains the various situations that result from creations of social classes. A comparison of the two pieces of literature sheds more light on the existence of social classes in the society. In his theory Veblen observed that in most communities, people who own huge amount of property are deemed to be more popular and successful in the society. This perception prompts a lot of people to use any means to acquire property that may be perceived as wealth since the poor are looked down upon (Veblen, 24). However, acquisition of wealth is not enough to enable one to be regarded highly in the community. It is therefore necessary for the wealthy in the community do display their wealth. In this case the display of wealth is mainly exhibited through leisure activities. Hence the rich people in the society have to distinguish themselves from the not so wealthy people by living contrary to the poor people who live in â€Å"vulgar surroundings† (Veblen, 29).In this case, vulgar surrounding involved inexpensive lifestyles hence the wealthy have to be different from the poor and live lavishly even if it meant wastage. Veblen’s theory could be well represented in the st ory the garden party by Katherine Mansfield. The short story is a fictional account of a wealthy family that was preparing to hold a party in an upper class environment. In the party, Mrs. Sheridan delegates the duties of organizing the party to her daughters and the employees. However, despite one of her daughters Laura having budgeted for the party, Mrs. Sheridan could not resist to Pass by a shop and buy flowers that were not needed at the party (Mansfield, 66).This made Laura to realize a lot of extravagance in the party .On the other hand, before the party commenced their neighbor from a low class society passed away. Laura tried to convince her sister Jose and her mother to stop the party after their neighbor passed away

The Word Democracy Means Different Things to Different People Essay

The Word Democracy Means Different Things to Different People - Essay Example tribution in decision-making, decisions made reflect the beliefs of the majority, limitation of the government’s power and respect of individual rights. In a democratic system, the government as well as its citizens are subject to the rule of law. There is respect for personal freedoms, equality before the law, political freedoms and decisions that serve the common good (Denton, 2015). All citizens in a democracy have some rights, which cannot be taken away by the government. The main concept of democracy is the worth of the individual. This means that every individual is unique and important and is a member of the society. There is also the equality of every individual. This concept provides for the equality before the law and equality of opportunity. Although democracy follows the rule of the majority, the rights of the minority are equally important in policymaking. Because there is the need to find a position that is acceptable to a large number, there is necessity of compromise in a democratic system. There is also the freedom of the individual in a democratic system (Dickson,

The effects of managed care on health care in the U.S Essay

The effects of managed care on health care in the U.S - Essay Example The sector has been witnessing a new dimension in recent years, because it’s in no small measure assisted to halt the increase as regarding the costs of health care in the country, given a wider room for the less privileged to enjoy the program, which has been hitherto on the rapid increase beyond their capacities. Meanwhile, our focus should now assess the whole issue, dated back to early 90s when the Managed-Care system began to have it solid root. The United States Congress has brought a turning point toward enhancing the health care system within U S. â€Å"The nation’s health care system stem was under microscope, undergoing a level of scrutiny not seen since the early 1990s, when congress scrapped the Clinton administration’s complex plan to overhaul health care. Since then, employers have acted on their own to control health costs, largely by requiring employees to join managed-care programs, such as health maintenance organizations (HMOs). More than 100 millions Americans are now covered by Managed-Care†. (Public Agenda). The HMOs is one of the key pillars of which the Managed-Care program stands on, while observers concluded that it is almost the best among other related pillars. Another branch of Managed-Care that also need brief explanation is â€Å"Capitation†, a system that involves a sort of payment method. This involves paying physicians a specific amount for treatment of patients, not considering how much will be the subsequent cost to be incur. â€Å"Some â€Å"Managed Care† practices seek to impact the quality care of, for instance, clinical guidelines that aim to alter the clinical management of specific health concerns (e.g., treatment of hypertension) are also common managed-care practice†. (Ethics in Medicine). One of the important effects that we ought to bring into consideration while discussing on the Managed-Care on health care in the United States is that most of the citizens were in the view that

Configuring, Communicating and Delivering Value Essay

Configuring, Communicating and Delivering Value - Essay Example In other words we are going to deal with the whole marketing mix of the sporting goods footwear products. Thus now onwards we may be using the marketing concepts related to the product itself while as earlier the customer was under focus. The value of a product or a service can be created by defining it. That is, what our product is and how it is going to satisfy the needs of customers. The value configuration phase includes three parts ─ product, brand and price of the product. Defining our product is very essential in order to position it in the minds of customers. According to Know This.com, marketing starts with the product since it is what an organization has to offer its target market. Product in other words is the solution to the problems of the customer. These solutions include tangible or intangible (or both) product offerings marketed by an organization. Another importance of the product in marketing is that it generates revenue for the company. It is the â€Å"thing† that companies sell in order to realize profits and satisfy stakeholders. There should be a well developed product strategy which is compatible with the target market to succeed in the long run. Because of these two reasons, we must define our product. But our aim here is to create a value for our product offering. We have to take into consideration various factors which can help us create a value which will be later communicated and delivered to the customers. In other words before communicating the offering, it should be made worth communicating. First of all the product is to be categorized. According to Pride, William M. and Ferrell, O.C., 2005, there are two general categories of product ─ Consumer products and Business products. As far as sporting goods market is considered it can be targeted with both consumer as well as business products. Pricing, distribution and promotion of a product depends

Planning in todays organizations in comparison to planning twenty-five Essay

Planning in todays organizations in comparison to planning twenty-five years - Essay Example This essay discusses that organizational planning has been done by top executives, consulting firms or central planning departments. Central planning departments in this case incorporate a group of planning specialists who report to the CEO or president of a company. Their goal is to develop strategic plans and gather data from the organization. This involves a top-down approach where plans and goals were assigned to major divisions and departments after approval from the president. This approach has worked well in companies twenty-five years ago, and it is still used in some companies today. However, despite the longevity of this approach, formal planning is criticised in today’s society with a fast paced environment. Documents from central planning departments may be obsolete to the rapid changes in reality faced by managers and front line employees. People may have to struggle to follow a plan that is not applicable to the customer’s needs or the environment. Moreove r, they may hinder the employee’s innovative and learning skills. These are some of the differences experienced in planning today and twenty-five years ago. Planning has changed and now involves everyone in the organization, plus outside stakeholders as well. It embraces decentralised planning in which experts in planning work with managers in major departments to develop their goals and plans. With this approach, managers come up with creative solutions to problems and become more engaged in following through the plan.

Leadership in organisations (Reflective journal assignment) Essay

Leadership in organisations (Reflective journal assignment) - Essay Example Similarly, while it’s important to recognize one’s weaknesses as a leader, I also believe that it’s important to recognize one’s strengths and play into them and work towards further strengthening these aspects of one’s personality. In these regards, I scored fives in the trustworthy, outgoing, and friendly categories. In these regards, I will attempt to cultivate these traits in becoming a more effective leader. In examining my personal assessment scores on the page 64 questionnaire I found it illuminating in terms of the comparisons that can be made among the divergent skills. In these regards, my Technical Skill score was 21, while my Human Skill score was 28, and my Conceptual score 19. Similar to the questionnaire on page 34 these varying scores function to demonstrate areas to me wherein I can work to improve my weaknesses; clearly my Conceptual score is significantly lower than my Human Skills score. While I recognize that it’s important to work towards improving one’s weaknesses, I also believe these scores can be used in leadership when it comes to delegation. A strong leader will have a working knowledge of themselves and areas where it would be more beneficial to the objective to delegate these responsibilities to others. Finally, the questionnaire on page 85 gave me increased self-knowledge into my leadership traits, as well as others perception of me. In these questionnaires I scored in the moderately high range for Tasks with a 39 score, and then scored in the high range for Relationships with a score of 42. While both of these scores relatively high, I recognize that they both leave room for improvement. They also speak towards my type of leadership style in indicating that I tends more towards relationship oriented leading, than simple task based. In these regards, I could change the style by

Step By Wicked Step by Anne Fine Essay Example for Free

Step By Wicked Step by Anne Fine Essay The setting for the story Step by Wicked Step is one dark stormy night when five schoolchildren on a school trip stayed in a towering mansion. They found secret tower room that was hidden behind a wall. The lights in the mansion were not working and they has to depend on the streaks of lightning and the moonlight for light. The tower room, covered in a coat of dust, had not been used for a long time. There were heavy drapes, plain dark coverlet and frame old maps. A dusty green album revealed the story of Richard Clayton Harwick’s journal entitiled† My story, Read and Weep. Following this each one of them related their own sad story of their broken homes and relationship with their family members. Time : 1)Evening- party meals organized by Stella for Claudia father thirty- seventh birthday. 2) Night- Claudia decides to make something for her stepmother when she fells sorry for her. Location 1) Her granny’s house- her father stays in her granny’s after argue with her mother 2) Stella’s house – the party meal for her fathers’ birthday and the things she does for Stella. Richard related the story of his life with his stepfather and he ran away to escape his problems. All the five children symphatised with Richard’s situation and they each has their own sad tale to tell. The setting enhances the plot of the story by providing the atmosphere for the story. The tower was dark except for flashes of lightning and later the moonlight. It gave the children the mood and courage to tell their story. The dust in the room symbolized their past which should be wiped away so they could look forward to a brighter future. Write about difficult decision made by one of the characters The novel Step by Wicked Step is about five schoolchildren who found and read Richard Clayton Harwick’s journal of his life with his stepfather and his running away from home. The five children were inspired to tell their own sad family stories of broken homes. In the story, Richard Clayton Harwick made the difficult decision of running away. Richard Clayton Harwick felt sidetracked by his father who made him promise to look after his mother and sister after his death. His father made no reference to him. He was disappointed and to make matters worse, his mother remarried. His stepfather Mr. Coldstone or the ‘black, black bat’ as Richard referred to him imposed very strict rules on Richard, to the extend that he felt his home was more of a prison. He was sent to Mordanger School where he spent ‘four long years’ and it was a place of bad memories. He was extremely unhappy in his own home, a place where he had such a good memories of his father. He was disappointed that his mother did not seem to want to make any effort to protect him from his stepfather. Richard decided to run away from home. He felt that the three of them, his stepfather, mother and Charlotte would be happier without him around. His mother would find life more pleasant, Mr Coldstone would be pleased and Charlotte would not miss him. I think this was wrong decision as his decision changed three lives for the worst. His mother died of heartbreak, his stepfather of fury while Charlotte probably of childbirth. I feel he should have stayed on and tried to get along with his stepfather for his mothers’ sake. He should have let the past go and kept the happy memories of his father instead of feeling and showing unhappiness all the time. As Charlotte told him just because life had dealt them one hard blow, there was no reason fro them to be unhappy forever. His decision to run away was not right decision as it caused too much sorrow. Write about the social issue in the story In the novel step by wicked steps, five schoolchildren read the journal of Richard Clayton Harwick which detailed his sad story of family life with a stepfather. The five schoolchildren who come from broken homes were prompted to relate their own family life story. The reader is reminded of the issue of family relationships. Richard came from a happy family unit until his father passed away and his mother married to Mr. Coldstone, somebody Richard could not get along well with. He felt that he did not belong to his family, his mother and his sister anymore. While Cahrlotte got along well with their stepfather, Richard could not and did not want to. So, he decided to run away, thus breaking off family relationship with them rather than bear the unhappiness of bad family relationship. The five schoolchildren coming from broken homes had to deal with stepparents, stepsiblings, and half siblings. Some accepted these relationships well other could not. Most of the time they pretended to be amiable for their parents’ sake. When matter came to head, some like Claudia and Pixie sorted to out their feeling with their stepmothers. They were thus able to rebuild their family relationships. Others like Callie, Robbo’s sister, preferred to run away from their problems. The common thing about them was they felt their opinions and feelings did not count with their parents. Family relationships should be built on understanding and parents should take into account children’s opinion, especially on the issue of family relationship.

Advantages Of Bus Topology Computer Science Essay

Advantages Of Bus Topology Computer Science Essay A topology is defined as the layout of the network i.e. how the nodes are connected. This describes how the network physically looks or how the network is physically designed. The concept of a topology is important because each network card is designed to work with a specific topology. Conversely, if your network cable is already installed and you want to use existing wiring, you must select your network cards based on the preexisting physical topology. Ideally, you can design your network from scratch. Then you can choose your topology, cabling, and network cards based on what best meets your needs. Physically, a bus topology uses a linear segment of cable to connect all network devices. Devices typically connect to the bus (the cable) through T-connectors. At each end of the bus are terminators. Each terminator absorbs the signal when it reaches the end of the cable. Without a terminator, a signal would bounce back and cause network errors. The physical bus topology uses a logical bus to transmit data on the cable in both directions. In a logical bus topology, only one transmission can occur at any given moment. Otherwise, two transmissions would collide and cause network errors. Termination ensures that the signal is removed from the cable when it reaches either end, preventing possible network errors. Fig. 4.1 Bus Topology Advantages of Bus Topology : The benefits of a bus topology include the following: 1. This is less expensive topology because it requires less cable for networking because using only one cable it is possible to connect many computers. 2. It is an easy way to network a small number of computers. Disadvantages of Bus Topology : The drawbacks of a bus topology include the following: 1. One break in cable cause entire failure in network. 2. It is very difficult to correct the errors because the cable is not related to only one machine. 3. On a medium-sized to large network, reconfiguration is more difficult than the cable Management of a star topology. Star Topology The star topology looks like a star. The hub is at the center of the star, and all devices attach to the hub via a cable. Logically, the physical star topology operates as a logical bus topology by sending the data signal to all nodes at once. The hub at the center of the star works as a signal splitter, which means the signal is split and sent to all computers at the same time, with one exception-it is not sent back to the computer from which the signal sent. The signal is terminated at each network card, thereby preventing the signal from accidentally reentering the network. If this were to happen, data packets would travel the network endlessly-seriously slowing down network performance. Fig. 4.2 Star Topology Advantages of Star Topology : The benefits of a star topology include the following: 1. A star topology is more fault tolerant than other topologies, because a cable break does not bring down the entire network. 2. Reconfiguring the network, or adding nodes, is easy because each node connects to the central hub independent of other nodes. 3. Isolating cable failures is easy because each node connects independently to the central hub. Disadvantages of Star Topology : The disadvantages of a star topology are: 1. If the central hub fails, the entire network becomes unavailable. 2. This topology is more expensive than others to install because of the additional cable and equipment involved. Ring Topology: Physically, the ring topology is shaped in a ring. Cables pass from computer to computer until the ring is complete. When data is transmitted, each workstation receives the signal and then passes it on when the workstation is done with the data. Other than Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), no current networks use a physical ring topology, because a break in the ring makes the entire network unavailable. Logically, a ring topology works by passing the signal, traditionally called a token, from one node to another until it reaches all the way around the ring. Token-passing schemes use the logical ring topology. Fig. 4.3 Ring Topology Advantages of Ring Topology : A logical ring topology ensures access to the network without the risk of collisions, which can occur in logical star or bus topologies. Disadvantages of Ring Topology : The drawbacks of a ring topology include the following: 1. If there is a break in the cable of a physical ring topology, the network becomes unavailable. 2. Physical ring topologies are difficult to troubleshoot. 3. Physical ring topologies are hard to reconfigure. 4. There is limited support for ring networks. 5. The costs for a ring network are significantly higher than for star or bus. Tree Topology Also known as a hierarchy network, The type of network topology in which a central root node (the top level of the hierarchy) is connected to one or more other nodes that are one level lower in the hierarchy (i.e., the second level) with a point-to-point link between each of the second level nodes and the top level central root node, Fig. 4.4 Tree Topology While each of the second level nodes that are connected to the top level central root node will also have one or more other nodes that are one level lower in the hierarchy (i.e., the third level) connected to it, also with a point-to-point link, the top level central root node being the only node that has no other node above it in the hierarchy (The hierarchy of the tree is symmetrical.) Each node in the network having a specific fixed number, of nodes connected to it at the next lower level in the hierarchy, the number, being referred to as the branching factor of the hierarchical tree. This tree has individual peripheral nodes. 1.) A network that is based upon the physical hierarchical topology must have at least three levels in the hierarchy of the tree, since a network with a central root node and only one hierarchical level below it would exhibit the physical topology of a star. 2.) A network that is based upon the physical hierarchical topology and with a branching factor of 1 would be classified as a physical linear topology. 3.) The branching factor, f, is independent of the total number of nodes in the network and, therefore, if the nodes in the network require ports for connection to other nodes the total number of ports per node may be kept low even though the total number of nodes is large à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ this makes the effect of the cost of adding ports to each node totally dependent upon the branching factor and may therefore be kept as low as required without any effect upon the total number of nodes that are possible. 4.) The total number of point-to-point links in a network that is based upon the physical hierarchical topology will be one less than the total number of nodes in the network. 5.) If the nodes in a network that is based upon the physical hierarchical topology are required to perform any processing upon the data that is transmitted between nodes in the network, the nodes that are at higher levels in the hierarchy will be required to perform more processing operations on behalf of other nodes than the nodes that are lower in the hierarchy. Such a type of network topology is very useful and highly recommended Mesh Topology Mesh The value of fully meshed networks is proportional to the exponent of the number of subscribers, assuming that communicating groups of any two endpoints, up to and including all the endpoints, is approximated by Reeds Law. Fig. 4.5.1 Fully connected mesh topology The number of connections in a full mesh = n(n 1) / 2 Fully connected Note: The physical fully connected mesh topology is generally too costly and complex for practical networks, although the topology is used when there are only a small number of nodes to be interconnected. Fig. 4.5.2 Partially connected mesh topology Partially connected The type of network topology in which some of the nodes of the network are connected to more than one other node in the network with a point-to-point link à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ this makes it possible to take advantage of some of the redundancy that is provided by a physical fully connected mesh topology without the expense and complexity required for a connection between every node in the network. In most practical networks that are based upon the physical partially connected mesh topology, all of the data that is transmitted between nodes in the network takes the shortest path (or an approximation of the shortest path) between nodes, except in the case of a failure or break in one of the links, in which case the data takes an alternative path to the destination. This requires that the nodes of the network possess some type of logical routing algorithm to determine the correct path to use at any particular time.

Elements In The Road Not Taken Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, author Robert Frost uses the simple image of a road to represent a person’s journey through life. A well-established poet, Frost does a proficient job of transforming a seemingly common road to one of great importance, which along the way helps one identify who they really are. This poem is one of self-discovery. Frost incorporates strong elements of poetry such as theme, symbolism, rhyme scheme, diction, imagery, and tone to help create one of his most well known pieces about the human experience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main theme of the poem that Frost attempts to convey is how important the decisions that one makes can be, and how they affect one’s future. In lines 2-3, he expresses the emotions of doubt and confusion by saying, â€Å"And sorry I could not travel/ And be one traveler, long I stood†, which explains how the speaker contemplated their decision of which road to take. In the closing, line 20 of the poem further reestablishes the theme when it states, â€Å"that has made all the difference†, meaning that making the decision of which road to take for themselves is the important key for a successful future. Frost helps to express this theme by using symbolism to portray a road as one’s journey of life. Using symbolism, Frost suggests that the speaker of this poem is taking the harder of the two roads presented before them, because the road the speaker chooses, â€Å"leaves no step had trodden black† (12...

Harry Potter is a Classic Essay -- J.K. Rowling

HARRY POTTER—MORE THAN A CONTEMPORARY PHENOMENON What makes a book a classic? What is it about a book that will have generation after generation reading it? English Literature majors could spend hours theorizing the answers to this question. One series of texts that has received publicity and wide-spread acclaim over the past seven years is the Harry Potter collection. J.K. Rowling could never have possibly imagined how her little book about a boy with broken glasses and a scar on his forehead would impact world culture. Yet today, we all discuss the â€Å"Harry Potter phenomenon† and how adults and children alike can enjoy the books. But my question is this: Will Harry Potter become a beloved classic like The Chronicles of Narnia or Great Expectations? Does Harry Potter have what it takes to be worthwhile to teach in schools, or is it just a temporary fad that individuals will look back on and remark: â€Å"Oh yeah, I remember when those books were popular?† The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines â€Å"classic† as â€Å"a work of enduring excellence.† Harry Potter’s popularity has lasted since 1998, when the first book came out. Granted Harry Potter is a series, but seven years is a long time for a book or literary piece to hold an entire world’s attention. American citizens become tired of a television series after only a few months. Though popularity doesn’t equal classic, it doesn’t mean that the Harry Potter series lacks the serious literary elements to be a classic. Shaun Johnson comments: â€Å"I dismissed the validity of said literature based on its resounding popularity. I had also grown cynical about popular culture; it was my understanding that most things therein could only be trusted for false sensationalism and no... ... Marketing and the Translation of J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter Books.† The Lion and the Unicorn 29.2 (2005): 8 pages. Maughan, Shannon. â€Å"The Harry Potter Halo.† Publisher’s Weekly 246.29 (1999): 4 pages. Minzesheimer, Bob. â€Å"Editors Crown Tolkein Lord of Science Fiction.† USA Today 3 Mar. 2003, sec. Life: 3d. Nikiforuk, Andrew. â€Å"The Real Power of Harry and Frodo.† Canadian Business 76.2 (2003): 2 pages. Radigan, Winifred M. â€Å"Connecting the Generations: Memory, Magic, and Harry Potter.† Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy 44.8 (2001): 2 pages. The Harry Potter Series. Advertisement. Multilingual Books. 14 Nov. 2005. http://www. multilingualbooks.com/harrypotter.html. Tucker, Nicholas. â€Å"The Rise and Rise of Harry Potter.† Children’s Literature in Education. 30.4 (1999): 221-35. â€Å"Wizards and Muggles.† Christian Century 116.33 (1999): 1 page.

Aspirin :: essays research papers

Aspirin Aspirin may not be healthy for the DIGESTIVE TRACK it can also sometimes cause serious bleeding in the upper GASTROINTESTINAL tract. A study director of medicine said the risk of bleeding is directly related to aspirin. She also stated that  ¼ of an aspirin is good for a day (about the same amount of a baby's aspirin). Another thing she stated was that if you are taking aspirin for arthritis it may cause severe bleeding. Late last moth in a journal called Lancet , Lancet compared the use of aspirin among 550 people admitted to the hospital with serious bleeding from the stomach or DUODENUM with the aspirin- taking practices of 1,202 non hospitalized people from the same communities. An aspirin-induced ULCER or gastric-an inflammation of the stomach lining is the cause of such bleeding that typically results in vomiting blood. In virtually everyone who takes aspirin the aspirin may cause MICRO BLEEDING. The more serious bleeding is rare however it is death threatening, Especially if the person has any other medical problems or has lost a lot of blood quickly. In a survey 19 per 100,000 people had the serious bleeding. It is precisely the power of the aspirin that makes it effective against heart attacks and strokes that are caused by clots. I think that you should not take aspirin for preventing any heart attacks or strokes or etc.†¦ for a reason and that reason is that it may cause another hazard upon you while you are trying to prevent one happening to you. Digestive track - The way food is digested. Gastrointestinal - Of relating to, affecting, or including both stomach and intestine. Duodenum - The first part of the small intestine extending from the pylorus to the jejunum. Ulcer - An open sore on the inner surface of the alimentary canal. Micro bleed - The

American Films and Ripped Jeans Skin

CARLY RAE JEPSEN CURIOSITY EP p & c 2012 604 RECORDS INC. #101 – 1001 WEST BROADWAY, UNIT 362, VANCOUVER, BC V6H 4E4. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. MANUFACTURED AND DISTRIBUTED BY UNIVERSAL MUSIC CANADA. , 2450 VICTORIA PARK AVE. , SUITE #1, TORONTO, ONTARIO M2J 5H3. UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION, COPYING AND RENTAL OF THIS RECORDING IS PROHIBITED BY LAW. I threw a wish in the well Don't ask me I'll never tell I looked at you as it fell And now you're in my way I trade my soul for a wish Pennies and dimes for a kiss I wasn't looking for this But now you're in my way Your stare was holding Ripped jeans Skin was showing Hot nightWind was blowing Where you think you're going baby? Hey I just met you And this is crazy But here's my number So call me maybe It's hard to look right at you baby But here's my number So call me maybe Hey I just met you And this is crazy But here's my number So call me maybe And all the other boys Try to chase me But here's my number So call me maybe You took your ti me with the call I took no time with the fall You gave me nothing at all But still you're in my way I beg and borrow and steal At first sight and it's real I didn't know I would feel it But it's in my way Your stare was holding Ripped jeans Skin was showing Hot nightWind was blowing Where you think you're going baby? Break a bone Got me on my knees You break my heart Just to watch it bleed Hey I just met you And this is crazy But here's my number So call me maybe It's hard to look right at you baby But here's my number So call me maybe I'm sick with love Sick like a disease Don't call me up Just so I can please you Hey I just met you And this is crazy But here's my number So call me maybe And all the other boys Try to chase me But here's my number So call me maybe Before you came into my life I missed you so bad I missed you so bad I missed you so so bad Before you came into my lifeI missed you so bad And you should know that So call me maybe So don't break me tonight This is crazy love And you know I'm gunna follow you home Through the rain Cause I need your love And you know I'm gunna follow you home I can't stand the way you’re smiling I can't stand the way I'm lying Before you came into my life I missed you so bad I missed you so bad I missed you so so bad Before you came into my life I missed you so bad And you should know that I missed you so so bad, bad, bad, bad†¦. It's hard to look right at you baby But here's my number So call me maybe Oh oh oh oh oh oh Uh oh Oh oh oh oh oh oh Will never let me goOh oh oh oh oh oh Uh oh Curiosity CURIOSITY I know, I know, I know you got the key And you know, you know, you know that it's for me It's not up to you, you know it's up to me but Curiosity will never let me go Oh oh oh oh oh oh Uh oh Oh oh oh oh oh oh Will never let me go Oh oh oh oh oh oh Uh oh Oh oh oh oh oh oh Look at me Left here in the corner Stupid girl I really tried to warn her Walked the streets all night Until you came around Knew that you would come Before you ever even made a sound I know, I know, I know you got the key And you know, you know, you know that it's for me It's not up to you, you know it's up to me butCuriosity will never let me go PICTURE Cause I need your love and you know I'm going to follow you†¦ I know, I know, I know you got the key You know, you know, you know that it's for me Well I think that we should try it out to see yeah Curiosity So don't break me tonight This is crazy love And you know I'm gunna follow you home Through the rain Cause I need your love Yes I need your love So don't break (don't break) me tonight (me tonight) This is crazy love And you know I'm gunna follow you home Through the rain Cause I need your love Yes I need your love Will never let me go Oh oh oh oh oh oh Uh oh Oh oh oh oh oh oh Will never let me goOh oh oh oh oh oh Uh oh Curiosity will never let me go I could take a picture Of you and me together No one would believe me No one would believe me TWO DIFFERE NT WORLDS I THOUGHT THEY'D KEEP US APART I'M IGNORING MY HEAD FOLLOW MY HEART CALL ME MAYBE Say it in a whisper That baby it don't get much better Would I like to see you again? You name the day And I will pick the city We'll fly away Till then, call me when you miss me If you’re asking if I'd really like to see you again I say oh†¦ just say when Tell me that you feel it This you and me together No one would believe me Even I cannot believe it You kiss me like you mean itOh baby, it don't get much better Would I like to see you again? Darling just say when You name the day And I will pick the city We'll fly away Till then, call me when you miss me If you’re asking if I'd really like to see you again I say oh†¦ just say when Two different worlds I thought they'd keep us apart I'm ignoring my head Follow my heart Oh you pick the day And I will pick the city We'll fly away Till then, call me when you miss me I am willing to wait Cause I just gotta see you again Don't ask no†¦ just say when Just say when†¦ I could take a picture Of you and me together No one would believe me No one would believe me TALK TO MEEvery morning As I go walking by I feel you looking That's why I take my time Oh oh yeah Bows and flows of angel hair And ice-cream castles in the air Feather cannons everywhere I've looked at clouds that way JUST A STEP AWAY Talk to me, why won't you talk to me Can't you see I'm burning up When you look like that And I'm looking right back Why don't you talk to me Walk with me baby When he's singing his song Well all the young girls sigh And we'll be wearing those things That make a grown man cry Oh oh yeah yeah I'VE BEEN YOURS FROM THE START I can see what ‘cha wanna do to me You can feel it something’s gonna break Well I'm in if you’re inLet's make a big mistake Talk to me, why won't you talk to me Can't you see I'm burning up When you look like that And I'm looking right back Why don't you talk to me Wa lk with me baby Come on take me away I've been yours from the start Summer nights, summer days I'll be your summer heart Come on take me away I've been yours from the start†¦ When it's love like that And you look like that Talk to me, why won't ‘cha talk to me Can't you see I'm burning up When you look like that And I'm looking right back Why don't ‘cha talk to me Walk with me baby Come on take me away I've been yours from the start Summer nights, summer daysI'll be your summer heart Come on take me away I've been yours from the start Talk to me, why won't you talk to me Can't you see I'm burning up When you look like that And I'm looking right back Why don't you talk to me talk to me Why won't ‘cha talk to me In the space between the words In the silence of your eyes In the hands that know the touch It's the way I feel inside Here we are Dancing cross this floor together With every step I take I seem to want you more than ever You made me love you Look into m y eyes I want to tell you I'll never let you down And I'll never go away And if your ever feeling down I'm just a step awayI'll never let you down And I'll never go away And if your ever feeling down I'm just a step, just a step, just a step away It's the beating of your heart It's the tear I have to hide It's the sound of your guitar It's the way I feel inside Here we are Dancing cross this floor together With every step I take I seem to want you more than ever You made me love you Look into my eyes I want to tell you If you need a shoulder Or someone to hold you I'll keep my arms open wide I'll be the one who loves you I'll be right there by your side Here we are Dancing cross this floor together With every step I take I seem to want you more than everYou made me love you Look into my eyes I want to tell you I'll never let you down (I'll never let you down) And I'll never go away (And I'll never go away) And if your ever feeling down (And if your ever feeling down) I'm just a step away I'll never let you down And I'll never go away And if your ever feeling down I'm just a step away I'll never let you down And I'll never go away And if you’re ever feeling down I'm just a step, just a step, just a step away In the space between the words In the silence of your eyes In the hands that know the touch It's the way I feel inside IN THE SPACE BETWEEN THE WORDS I'll never let you downAnd I'll never go away And if your ever feeling down I'm just a step away I'll never let you down And I'll never go away And if your ever feeling down I'm just a step, just a step, just a step away Now they only block the sun They rain and snow on everyone So many things I would have done But clouds got in my way I've looked at clouds from both sides now TEARS AND FEARS AND FEELING PROUD TO SAY I LOVE YOU RIGHT OUT LOUD DREAMS AND SCHEMES AND CIRCUS CROWDS I can see what ‘cha wanna do to me You can feel it something’s gonna break Well I'm in if you’re in Let's make a big mistake BOTH SIDES NOW I've looked at clouds from both sides nowFrom up and down and still somehow It's clouds illusions I recall I really don't know clouds at all Moons and Junes and ferris wheels The dizzy, dancing way you feel When every fairy tale comes real I've looked at love that way But now it's just another show You leave 'em laughing when you go And if you care don't let them know Don't give yourself away I've looked at love from both sides now From give and take and still somehow It's loves illusions I recall I really don't know love at all Tears and fears and feeling proud To say I love you right out loud Dreams and schemes and circus crowds I've looked at life that wayBut now old friends are acting strange They shake their heads They say I've changed Well somethings lost and somethings gained in living every day I've looked at life from both sides now I've looked at life from both sides now From win and loose and still somehow It's lifes illusions I recall I really don't know life I've looked at clouds from both sides now From up and down and still somehow It's clouds illusions I recall I really don't know clouds at all I really don't know life at all THANK YOU: To YOU†¦ Thanks for listening and making all of this possible. 🙂 Dad, Patty, Mom, Ron, Colin, Kaela and Katie American Films and Ripped Jeans Skin CARLY RAE JEPSEN CURIOSITY EP p & c 2012 604 RECORDS INC. #101 – 1001 WEST BROADWAY, UNIT 362, VANCOUVER, BC V6H 4E4. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. MANUFACTURED AND DISTRIBUTED BY UNIVERSAL MUSIC CANADA. , 2450 VICTORIA PARK AVE. , SUITE #1, TORONTO, ONTARIO M2J 5H3. UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION, COPYING AND RENTAL OF THIS RECORDING IS PROHIBITED BY LAW. I threw a wish in the well Don't ask me I'll never tell I looked at you as it fell And now you're in my way I trade my soul for a wish Pennies and dimes for a kiss I wasn't looking for this But now you're in my way Your stare was holding Ripped jeans Skin was showing Hot nightWind was blowing Where you think you're going baby? Hey I just met you And this is crazy But here's my number So call me maybe It's hard to look right at you baby But here's my number So call me maybe Hey I just met you And this is crazy But here's my number So call me maybe And all the other boys Try to chase me But here's my number So call me maybe You took your ti me with the call I took no time with the fall You gave me nothing at all But still you're in my way I beg and borrow and steal At first sight and it's real I didn't know I would feel it But it's in my way Your stare was holding Ripped jeans Skin was showing Hot nightWind was blowing Where you think you're going baby? Break a bone Got me on my knees You break my heart Just to watch it bleed Hey I just met you And this is crazy But here's my number So call me maybe It's hard to look right at you baby But here's my number So call me maybe I'm sick with love Sick like a disease Don't call me up Just so I can please you Hey I just met you And this is crazy But here's my number So call me maybe And all the other boys Try to chase me But here's my number So call me maybe Before you came into my life I missed you so bad I missed you so bad I missed you so so bad Before you came into my lifeI missed you so bad And you should know that So call me maybe So don't break me tonight This is crazy love And you know I'm gunna follow you home Through the rain Cause I need your love And you know I'm gunna follow you home I can't stand the way you’re smiling I can't stand the way I'm lying Before you came into my life I missed you so bad I missed you so bad I missed you so so bad Before you came into my life I missed you so bad And you should know that I missed you so so bad, bad, bad, bad†¦. It's hard to look right at you baby But here's my number So call me maybe Oh oh oh oh oh oh Uh oh Oh oh oh oh oh oh Will never let me goOh oh oh oh oh oh Uh oh Curiosity CURIOSITY I know, I know, I know you got the key And you know, you know, you know that it's for me It's not up to you, you know it's up to me but Curiosity will never let me go Oh oh oh oh oh oh Uh oh Oh oh oh oh oh oh Will never let me go Oh oh oh oh oh oh Uh oh Oh oh oh oh oh oh Look at me Left here in the corner Stupid girl I really tried to warn her Walked the streets all night Until you came around Knew that you would come Before you ever even made a sound I know, I know, I know you got the key And you know, you know, you know that it's for me It's not up to you, you know it's up to me butCuriosity will never let me go PICTURE Cause I need your love and you know I'm going to follow you†¦ I know, I know, I know you got the key You know, you know, you know that it's for me Well I think that we should try it out to see yeah Curiosity So don't break me tonight This is crazy love And you know I'm gunna follow you home Through the rain Cause I need your love Yes I need your love So don't break (don't break) me tonight (me tonight) This is crazy love And you know I'm gunna follow you home Through the rain Cause I need your love Yes I need your love Will never let me go Oh oh oh oh oh oh Uh oh Oh oh oh oh oh oh Will never let me goOh oh oh oh oh oh Uh oh Curiosity will never let me go I could take a picture Of you and me together No one would believe me No one would believe me TWO DIFFERE NT WORLDS I THOUGHT THEY'D KEEP US APART I'M IGNORING MY HEAD FOLLOW MY HEART CALL ME MAYBE Say it in a whisper That baby it don't get much better Would I like to see you again? You name the day And I will pick the city We'll fly away Till then, call me when you miss me If you’re asking if I'd really like to see you again I say oh†¦ just say when Tell me that you feel it This you and me together No one would believe me Even I cannot believe it You kiss me like you mean itOh baby, it don't get much better Would I like to see you again? Darling just say when You name the day And I will pick the city We'll fly away Till then, call me when you miss me If you’re asking if I'd really like to see you again I say oh†¦ just say when Two different worlds I thought they'd keep us apart I'm ignoring my head Follow my heart Oh you pick the day And I will pick the city We'll fly away Till then, call me when you miss me I am willing to wait Cause I just gotta see you again Don't ask no†¦ just say when Just say when†¦ I could take a picture Of you and me together No one would believe me No one would believe me TALK TO MEEvery morning As I go walking by I feel you looking That's why I take my time Oh oh yeah Bows and flows of angel hair And ice-cream castles in the air Feather cannons everywhere I've looked at clouds that way JUST A STEP AWAY Talk to me, why won't you talk to me Can't you see I'm burning up When you look like that And I'm looking right back Why don't you talk to me Walk with me baby When he's singing his song Well all the young girls sigh And we'll be wearing those things That make a grown man cry Oh oh yeah yeah I'VE BEEN YOURS FROM THE START I can see what ‘cha wanna do to me You can feel it something’s gonna break Well I'm in if you’re inLet's make a big mistake Talk to me, why won't you talk to me Can't you see I'm burning up When you look like that And I'm looking right back Why don't you talk to me Wa lk with me baby Come on take me away I've been yours from the start Summer nights, summer days I'll be your summer heart Come on take me away I've been yours from the start†¦ When it's love like that And you look like that Talk to me, why won't ‘cha talk to me Can't you see I'm burning up When you look like that And I'm looking right back Why don't ‘cha talk to me Walk with me baby Come on take me away I've been yours from the start Summer nights, summer daysI'll be your summer heart Come on take me away I've been yours from the start Talk to me, why won't you talk to me Can't you see I'm burning up When you look like that And I'm looking right back Why don't you talk to me talk to me Why won't ‘cha talk to me In the space between the words In the silence of your eyes In the hands that know the touch It's the way I feel inside Here we are Dancing cross this floor together With every step I take I seem to want you more than ever You made me love you Look into m y eyes I want to tell you I'll never let you down And I'll never go away And if your ever feeling down I'm just a step awayI'll never let you down And I'll never go away And if your ever feeling down I'm just a step, just a step, just a step away It's the beating of your heart It's the tear I have to hide It's the sound of your guitar It's the way I feel inside Here we are Dancing cross this floor together With every step I take I seem to want you more than ever You made me love you Look into my eyes I want to tell you If you need a shoulder Or someone to hold you I'll keep my arms open wide I'll be the one who loves you I'll be right there by your side Here we are Dancing cross this floor together With every step I take I seem to want you more than everYou made me love you Look into my eyes I want to tell you I'll never let you down (I'll never let you down) And I'll never go away (And I'll never go away) And if your ever feeling down (And if your ever feeling down) I'm just a step away I'll never let you down And I'll never go away And if your ever feeling down I'm just a step away I'll never let you down And I'll never go away And if you’re ever feeling down I'm just a step, just a step, just a step away In the space between the words In the silence of your eyes In the hands that know the touch It's the way I feel inside IN THE SPACE BETWEEN THE WORDS I'll never let you downAnd I'll never go away And if your ever feeling down I'm just a step away I'll never let you down And I'll never go away And if your ever feeling down I'm just a step, just a step, just a step away Now they only block the sun They rain and snow on everyone So many things I would have done But clouds got in my way I've looked at clouds from both sides now TEARS AND FEARS AND FEELING PROUD TO SAY I LOVE YOU RIGHT OUT LOUD DREAMS AND SCHEMES AND CIRCUS CROWDS I can see what ‘cha wanna do to me You can feel it something’s gonna break Well I'm in if you’re in Let's make a big mistake BOTH SIDES NOW I've looked at clouds from both sides nowFrom up and down and still somehow It's clouds illusions I recall I really don't know clouds at all Moons and Junes and ferris wheels The dizzy, dancing way you feel When every fairy tale comes real I've looked at love that way But now it's just another show You leave 'em laughing when you go And if you care don't let them know Don't give yourself away I've looked at love from both sides now From give and take and still somehow It's loves illusions I recall I really don't know love at all Tears and fears and feeling proud To say I love you right out loud Dreams and schemes and circus crowds I've looked at life that wayBut now old friends are acting strange They shake their heads They say I've changed Well somethings lost and somethings gained in living every day I've looked at life from both sides now I've looked at life from both sides now From win and loose and still somehow It's lifes illusions I recall I really don't know life I've looked at clouds from both sides now From up and down and still somehow It's clouds illusions I recall I really don't know clouds at all I really don't know life at all THANK YOU: To YOU†¦ Thanks for listening and making all of this possible. 🙂 Dad, Patty, Mom, Ron, Colin, Kaela and Katie

Costs and Direct Labor Cost

Midterm2Practice Key 1. The following data have been recorded for recently completed Job 501 on its job cost sheet. Direct materials cost was $3,067. A total of 30 direct labor-hours and 104 machine-hours were worked on the job. The direct labor wage rate is $12 per labor-hour. The company applies manufacturing overhead on the basis of machinehours. The predetermined overhead rate is $11 per machine-hour. The total cost for the job on its job cost sheet would be: A. $4,571 B. $3,757 C. $3,090 D. 3,427 Applied manufacturing overhead = Predetermined overhead rate x Actual machine-hours Applied manufacturing overhead = $11 x 104 Applied manufacturing overhead = $1,144 Total cost = Direct materials + Direct labor + Applied manufacturing overhead Total cost of Job 607 = $3,067 + (30 x $12) + $1,144 = $4,571 Loraine Company applies manufacturing overhead to jobs using a predetermined overhead rate of 70% of direct labor cost. Any underapplied or overapplied overhead cost is closed to Cost of Goods Sold at the end of the month. During August, the following transactions were recorded by the company: 2.The amount of direct materials cost in the August 31 Work in Process inventory account was: A. $10,200 B. $9,000 C. $4,800 D. $4,200 3. The Cost of Goods Manufactured for August was: A. $69,600 B. $69,500 C. $76,900 D. $84,500 4. The balance on August 1 in the Raw Materials inventory account was: A. $4,500 B. $7,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,500 5. Schrick Inc. manufactures a variety of products. Variable costing net operating income was $86,800 last year and ending inventory increased by 1,900 units. Fixed manufacturing overhead cost was $6 per unit. What was the absorption costing net operating income last year? A. 86,800 B. $75,400 C. $98,200 D. $11,400 Fixed manufacturing overhead deferred = $6 x 1,900 = $11,400 Absorption costing net income = Variable costing net operating income + Fixed manufacturing overhead deferred = $86,800 + $11,400 = $98,200 6. Ben Company produces a s ingle product. Last year, the company's net operating income under absorption costing was $4,400 lower than under variable costing. The company sold 8,000 units during the year, and its variable costs were $8 per unit, of which $3 was variable selling expense. Fixed manufacturing overhead was $1 per unit in beginning inventory under absorption costing.How many units did the company produce during the year? A. 12,400 units B. 3,600 units C. 7,120 units D. 7,450 units Unit fixed manufacturing overhead = (Difference in income / Change in inventory) = $4,400 Change in inventory = $1 Change in inventory = 4,400 units Units produced during the year = 8,000 units sold – 4,400 units change in inventory = 3,600 units Ross Company produces a single product. The company has direct materials costs of $8 per unit, direct labor costs of $6 per unit, and manufacturing overhead of $10 per unit. Sixty percent of the manufacturing overhead is for fixed costs.In addition, variable selling and a dministrative costs are $2 per unit, and fixed selling and administrative costs are $3 per unit at the current activity level. Assume that direct labor is a variable cost. 7. Under absorption costing, the unit product cost is: A. $24 B. $20 C. $26 D. $29 Unit product cost = Direct materials + Direct labor + Variable manufacturing overhead cost + Fixed manufacturing overhead cost = $8 + $6 + $10* = $24 * Manufacturing overhead cost of $10 includes variable and fixed costs. 8. Under variable costing, the unit product cost is: A. $24 B. $20 C. $18 D. 21 Unit product cost = Direct materials + Direct labor + Variable manufacturing overhead = $8 + $6 + [$10 x (100% – 60%)] = $8 + $6 + $4= $18 9. Viren Corporation has provided the following data from its activity-based costing system: The company makes 240 units of product T91H a year, requiring a total of 550 machine-hours, 90 orders, and 40 inspection-hours per year. The product's direct materials cost is $16. 98 per unit and its direct labor cost is $12. 09 per unit. According to the activity-based costing system, the average cost of product T91H is closest to: A. $79. 66 per unit B. 90. 81 per unit C. $29. 07 per unit D. $75. 70 per unit 10. Data concerning three of the activity cost pools of Bramhall LLC, a legal firm, have been provided below: The activity rate for the â€Å"meeting with clients† activity cost pool is closest to: A. $125 per meeting hour B. $65 per meeting hour C. $80 per meeting hour D. $665,500 per meeting hour Kleppe Corporation has provided the following data from its activity-based costing accounting system: The â€Å"Other† activity cost pool consists of the costs of idle capacity and organization-sustaining costs that are not assigned to products. 1. How much indirect factory wages and factory equipment depreciation cost would be assigned to the Customer Orders activity cost pool? A. $240,000 B. $72,000 C. $68,000 D. $480,000 12. How much indirect factory wages and f actory equipment depreciation cost would NOT be assigned to products using the activity-based costing system? A. $0 B. $68,000 C. $280,000 D. $200,000 13. In this problem, there are three possible overhead allocation bases: direct labor (present system), machine hours (the proposed system), and number of batches.First, calculate product costs under each of the three allocation schemes: (a). Direct labor cost as the allocation base (present system): Bluethings 120,000 . 50 $60,000 95. 238% 342,857 60,000 $462,857 $ 3. 857 Graythings 6,000 . 50 $3,000 4. 762% 17,143 3,000 $23,143 $ 3. 857 Total 126,000 Number of units Direct labor/unit Direct labor cost % of total direct labor cost Overhead allocated Direct material cost Total cost Unit cost $63,000 360,000 63,000 $486,000 (b). Machine hours as the allocation base (proposed system): Bluethings 120,000 600 200 20 4000 95. 38% $342,857 60,000 60,000 $462,857 $ 3. 857 Graythings 6,000 30 200 1 200 4. 762% $17,143 3,000 3,000 $23,143 $ 3. 857 Total 126,000 Number of units/year ? number of units/batch Number of batches/year x number of hours per batch Number of machine hours/year % of total machine hours Overhead allocated Direct labor cost Direct material cost Total cost Unit cost 4200 $360,000 63,000 63,000 $486,000 (c). Number of batches as the allocation base: Bluethings 120,000 600 200 50% $180,000 60,000 60,000 $300,000 $2. 50 Graythings 6,000 30 200 50% $180,000 3,000 3,000 $186,000 $31. 0 Total 126,000 400 Number of units/year ? number of units/batch Number of batches/year % of total batches Overhead allocated Direct labor cost Direct material cost Total cost Unit cost $360,000 63,000 63,000 $486,000 Notice that allocating overhead by either direct labor or machine hours produces identical product costs. Thus, the proposed system change will not affect decision making. There are two cost drivers in Set-up Company. Unit volume drives direct materials and direct labor, but set-ups (number of batches) appear to drive overhead costs.Allocating overhead using direct labor gives an incorrect impression of how overhead costs vary and distorts product costs. Overhead costs are incurred in setups. While run times per unit of thing is the same for blues and grays, batch sizes differ considerably. In fact, bluethings and graythings each required 200 batches. Therefore, each product line (as opposed to each unit of product) should be allocated an equal dollar amount of overhead. If this is done, then graythings become massive losers and bluethings are seen to be profitable, even with market price of $3 per unit.

How to Deal with High Oil Prices Essay

To reduce the petroleum price not only government but people also must work hard about this problem. Steps must be taken by the government are:. 1. Government must work hard to depend on other sources like solar-energy, water (which are renewable sources). 2. Recently a Pakistani engineer Waqar Ahmad developed a vehicle that uses water as fuel. He claimed that on one litre of water a 1000 CC car can cover a distance of 40 km and a motorbike can run up to 150 km using this technology. Government must come forward to use up this technology in India. 3. Bangalore engineers has developed a car which gives 240kmpl and the government must focus on that cars and make those cars available in market at low cost. 4. Government must develop public transport system. 5. Traffic police must also work hard to clear traffic jam on roads because most of the fuel will be utilized by the vehicles in the traffic. 6. In the international market petroleum trading was done in dollars. As the Indian rupee value was decreasing we are investing more amount on that so government must focus on that. Steps must be taken by the people:. 1. For shorter distance we must go by walk or by bicycle. 2. We must off our vehicles during red signal. 3. People of same destination and same work must encourage carpooling. Finally government and people must work hard to create awareness in people who live in villages for the correct utilization of petroleum.

Khafre and Seated Scribe Essay

Comparison The two pieces, â€Å"Khafre† and â€Å"Seated Scribe†, are two art pieces that have originated from the ancient Egyptian time period. These two pieces are very similar and different in many ways. With this in mind, we learn that art work, depending on the time period, may have similar meanings but also different messages and that same time. The piece â€Å"Khafre† has many differences compared to â€Å"Seated Scribe†. One of these differences is simple; Khafre, the Pharaoh that is being depicted in the piece, â€Å"Khafre† has the body build, such as muscles, that would give the viewer the idea that he is a leader. While on the other hand, the piece â€Å"Seated Scribe† shows a man sitting down with little to no body strength and shows the viewer that he had a good life that was free of physical labor. Another difference between the two pieces is that the lives of the two are completely different. While the Pharaoh shows a life of seriousness, strength, and power; the â€Å"Seated Scribe† shows the viewer a life of wisdom, alertness, eagerness, labor free, and attentiveness. Another major difference between the two pieces is that on the â€Å"Khafre† piece, the Pharaoh’s throne has plants, papyrus and lotus plants, that represent his ruling and power over the upper and lo wer regions of Egypt. With this in mind the viewer of â€Å"Seated Scribe† notices that the scribe might have been in one of those two regions of Egypt and although he shows more of a labor free life, he might still be under the law of the Pharaoh, Khafre; proving the fact that Khafre has more obvious power over the normal human being, yet alone a scribe. One last difference is in the wealth difference of the two people. While the Pharaoh sits on a throne with a backing on it, the scribe sits on the hard ground but still has perfect posture. With these differences the viewer can begin to have a better understanding of the meaning and symbolism behind the two pieces. Aside from just differences, the two pieces â€Å"Seated Scribe† and â€Å"Khafre† are also very similar as well. One of the many ways that they are similar is in their posture. The two men sit upright and alert. Their eyes focused on the task at hand. For the scribe it may be more obvious but you can also tell Khafre’s alertness by his clenched fist and his wide open eyes. The two pieces also share the similarity of service. While the scribe is shown possibly writing words for the Pharaoh, therefore doing a service for him; Khafre sits on his thrown and can be viewed as him serving his people. This idea can be shown by the way that they are seated and the way they are looking with full alertness. The last similarity between the two pieces is that the two are idealized very clearly. With the scribe you can take a quick look and have the idea that the piece is representing a person who is not of royal being and that he is a type of writer. The same can be said for the Pharaoh; you can look at the piece and automatically notice that the piece represents a Pharaoh by his body stature, his headdress and false beard. With differences in mind, the viewer of these two pieces can get a better knowledge of the art world and what they truly mean. Overall the two pieces are similar and different in many ways. But having the ability to study and have a closer look into the two pieces and get an idea of what the artist was trying to portray, is what makes art so fascinating. The two pieces are just a small part into the art of Ancient Egypt. But knowing what the two are about, is what makes the viewer and student have a better appreciation of the art of the past.

How have recent policy changes in school age education affected Essay

How have recent policy changes in school age education affected classroom practice and student achievement in Austrlia Focus on - Essay Example This is in pursuant with the COAG agenda to implement reforms in the education field, particularly related to gaining skills and growth in early childhood so that Australia as a nation could be enriched with human capital (DEEWR, 2011). The government identifies its role of paying attention to the early years of school children for their lifelong welfare and role in the country’s development. There is sufficient evidence that the early years play a dominant role in the overall growth of school age students (CAG, 2009). The Australian government has created a blue print of the strategy by working collaboratively on the shared vision for the growth of young children by 2020 to provide all resources to the school age students for their bright future as well as for the future of Australia. The government plans to arrange school age welfare services under the new framework through three segments: Focused regulatory arrangements A National Quality Standard including the Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF) and quality rating system. Organization of a new national body collectively managed between the Commonwealth and the states and territories (CAG, 2009). Overview The first five years of a child’s life lay out the path on which the child grows into a fuller personality. The policy initiative of the Australian government to be jointly run by the territory and state governments would provide that required platform to the Australian children. Application of the National Quality Framework has been in progress since July 2010. Quality parameters would get heightened with the implementation of the framework on quality and regularity over the early childhood education and attention to their growth throughout Australia. The new changes are expected to better the services in the domains that impress on a child’s growth and enable families to take right decisions for their children (DEEWR, 2011). Policy changes have impressed upon the need of adhering to higher parameters of attending to children in the matter of learning skills, good health and their safety Parents are now better equipped with required knowledge about their children to select the services that are more pertinent to make the future of their children promising (DEEWR, 2011). Earlier, information regarding quality standards for early age children was not universal across all regions in Australia. With the new policy framework, there is no dearth of relevant information to assist parents in selecting the desired services for their kids (DEEWR, 2011). All services providers have increased their quality benchmarks related to child growth. Quality parameters have been raised for early childhood education for the better via: †¢ introduced better teacher to child ratios so that individual attention could be provided to all children †¢ added to the qualification level of teachers so that they possess the desired expertise to guide children in imbibing and developi ng †¢ initiated a novel quality rating system so that the Australian parents could view the information relating to their child’s progress pertaining to the standard of early education and tending services †¢

How does the postmodern picturebook set out to capture both the adult Essay

How does the postmodern picturebook set out to capture both the adult and the child reader's interest - Essay Example This paper examines two postmodern children’s picture books, Voices in the Park, and The Stinky Cheese Man and Other Fairly Stupid Fairy Tales, and explains four techniques that they use to capture both the adult and the child reader’s interest, namely non-traditional plot structure, shifting character perspective, paratextual devices, and intertextual references. The postmodern children’s picture book does not exist in a vacuum, but follows a long history of writing and illustrating which goes back many centuries. It sets itself against the rather rigid traditional stories such as fables and fairy tales, which usually have an anonymous narrator who leads the reader along a steady chronological timeline through a single plot with key characters who play fairly predictable roles. Children and adults alike enjoy the comfortable framework that is provided, and there are conventions like a â€Å"once upon a time† beginning, some thrills and spills with good an d bad characters in the middle, and a nice, neat â€Å"happy ending† in which all the loose ends of the plot are tied up. A postmodern children’s picture book relies upon this framework too, but in a different way. Instead of following these predictable patterns, it springs outside them and introduces different narrative voices and non-chronological structures to mix things up and make the story multifaceted. A good example of this is Voice in the Park which tells four stories in succession, all of which refer to the same actual time frame. No one narrative voice is dominant, and the perspectives of mother figure, father figure, girl figure and boy figure are allowed to coexist, even though they do not exactly agree with each other. Portraying them as gorillas is a clever technique which echoes older traditions of anthropomorphism but at the same time forces modern readers out of any race or class stereotypes: age and gender are what distinguish the characters, and the re is an equal number of each. There is no single plot in this book, but instead there is a spell of time in a park in which four people meet, and the book presents this from four different angles. In The Stinky Cheeseman there is a single narrator, who is the â€Å"Jack† character from the well-known fairy tale â€Å"Jack and the Beanstalk† but he appears in the book outside the confines of his own story, and interacts with characters from other tales such as the Little Red Hen and Little Red Riding Hood. None of the characters in the stories agree to play along with the original plotlines that adults especially will have learned, and the result is a kaleidoscope of fairy tale elements turned upside down. There are short tales within a tale, but the boundaries are fluid and characters appear in stories where they traditionally do not belong, all of which indicates a postmodern playfulness. The narrator is not in control of the stories, and the characters run amok. Thi s is an example of metafiction (Pantaleo, 2004, p. 213) because it draws attention to how the story is put together. This in turn stimulates discussion between readers about both the content of the story and the whole process of story formation, reading, listening and understanding. Returning to Voices in the Park, this book adult and child personas to engage both adult and child interest. Adults will be able to identify with the mother figure, criticising the

Cardio-vascular Diseases (CVDs) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cardio-vascular Diseases (CVDs) - Essay Example This report is made with a view to analyze the important aspects of heart disease with clear examinations of the biochemical, body-functional and symptomatic areas of the disease and the presently available treatment models for the better understanding of all cardio-vascular disorders. Biochemistry of the Disease The defective condition of the heart results in the inferior level of blood flow with a considerably deficit in the supply of oxygen to body cells, and the impact of such a serious lack of the life giving gas results in the damage of the functioning of the brain in some cases. Cardiovascular illness can be attributed to a set of health issues occurring when the fitness of the circulatory system stars declining due to various health disorders. In the biochemical angle, heart disease is grouped into different categories such as arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, angina, heart attack and stroke. The condition of arteriosclerosis occurs when the arteries harden enough to lose th eir flexibility to carry blood proportionately. Atherosclerosis is the thickening of the interior walls of the arteries which results in the diminished blood supply quantity. Also, when the heart doesn’t get enough blood for the functioning, it piles up pains in the chest and this condition is called angina. Clotting of blood or other obstacles in the blood circulation creates partial flow of the blood, which results in heart attacks. The most dangerous of all the conditions is the insufficient supply of oxygen to the brain cells, and it causes strokes which can be partial or complete paralysis of the body in a permanent way. The identified reasons for the cardiovascular disease are hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension and cigarette smoking in most of the cases. The risk factors gradually contribute to the oxidation and arterial inflammation which in the gradual course result in the formation of fibroids or fatty lesions in the arterial interiors. Although there is assumption that genetically transmitted reasons can increase the risk of heart disease, personal healthcare disorder stands as the phenomenal cause for the illness of many people. The disease is diagnosed with the presence of inflammatory CRP (C-reactive protein) and the cardiac myofilament protein troponin which can directly cause heart failure (HF). As Scott points out, although the presence of calcium suppresses the HF, hypertension causes cardiac hypertrophy and permanent loss of cardiac cells. The protein synthesis that occurs with the oxidation process in the arteries results in the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaque and a resultant HF. As a results, monocytes stick to the endothelian cells and gradually cause the blockage of arteries with CD36 and SR-A (Scott). The continuous process of plaque weakening has an increased risk of initiating platelet recruitment which may even result in the production of sarcomeric proteins, an immediate cause of death. In all these conditions, the ult imate impact of the dysfunctions is reflected in the weakening of the cardiovascular cells to a fatal condition. Body systems Heart disease and body systems have a peripheral relationship in every angle, as the circulatory system is the life guard of the entire body cells. It is

Global Warming Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global Warming - Case Study Example Still, it is even more ironic to acknowledge that though global warming is closely linked to Industrial Revolution, which added to human affluence, yet, global warming is surely poised to wrench out a heavy economic cost from both the developed and developing economies. The sad thing is that if one takes into consideration the places worst impacted by global warming, one realizes that it is the poorest and least developed of nations like Bangladesh, Myanmar, Honduras, Vietnam, Nicaragua, etc that are to bear the brunt of this imminent calamity of human making. Global warming is ravaging the developing world in the form of natural disasters like droughts and floods and the consequent epidemics, hunger and large scale human migration and poverty. The thing that needs to be feared is that such calamities and disasters are bound to get more pervasive and pan-global, if something is not urgently done to ameliorate the situation. Global warming is a challenge that needs a concerted and col lective global

The current national security structure of the united states Essay

The current national security structure of the united states - Essay Example nsists of both statutory members who are President, the Vice President, the Secretary of State, and the Secretary of Defense and statutory advisers who are the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) and the Director of Central Intelligence. National security and defense authority rests with the President and the Secretary of Defense as his principal assistant who is responsible for the military departments and their efficient operation. The National Command Authorities (NCA) represented by the President and Secretary of Defense direct the execution of military action and movement of troops. The Departments of Defense is responsible for maintaining Armed Forces to ensure effective military action, the security of the United States as well as advance of the national policies and interest of the United States. DOD is composed of Secretary of Defense, Joint Chiefs of Staff DOD Staff, 16 Defense Agencies, DOD field activities, military departments and combatant commands. The national security in 21th century was shaken by September, 11 terrorist attacks which questioned the security of U.S borders and its citizens. World known date altered the vision of national security and since then many changes were set in motion to protect border security and still welcome guests in the U.S. The most difficult thing about these changes was keeping the balance between stronger security and facilitating travel and commerce development. (Rice & Chertoff, 2005) As the border protection must be balanced against the demand for the free flow of commerce, Congress tasked the Department of Homeland Security not only with protecting the borders, but also â€Å"ensuring the speedy, orderly, and efficient flow of lawful traffic and commerce.† (Homeland Security Act) Creation of the Department of Homeland Security along with other important bodies like the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, the Homeland Security Council, the National Counterterrorism Center, and U.S.

Resistance to Change Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Resistance to Change - Research Paper Example Robbin (2005) highlights, that one of the causes of organizational resistance to change is structural inertia. In organizations, there are structures, which are built to ensure stability of the firm such as recruitment, training and selection structures etc. these structures are used systematically in the organization to achieve desired goals. When change is introduced in the organization, these structures can inhibit or cause resistance to change so that they can sustain previous stability in the organization (Robbins, 2005). Secondly, group resistance can also cause organizational resistance to change, considering they are made of groups of employees who have norms and cultures, and they can inhibit change in the organization. If people are organized in groups, then any change made by the organization can be resisted because members have influence on each other. The third cause of resistance to change is the threat of established management and power structures in the organization (Sadhu, 2009). There are groups in the organization, which controls the flow of resources, and they might see change as a threat to their power hence resisting the change. These groups are normally comfortable with current situations in organizations and any attempts of change can be resisted with ease because they control the resources and power. Lastly, poor communications in the organization can cause resistance to change

Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 20

Analysis - Essay Example The theory of the New Deal is presented in this section to denote the various changes that were made in the labour industry at the time. There was widespread unemployment, poor working conditions and human suffering in society at the time. Her approach to such issues are presented in these letters where she is famed for having devised a solution to most of the issues presented (Johnson 24-2). She spearheaded the enactment of the government social security system that ensured equal rights for the unemployed, the aged and the dependent in society. This led to a reduction in human suffering among members of society who were unable to take care of themselves. Most of the New Deal accomplishments that were related to labor were attributed to her unending effort (Johnson 24-2). Her approach to human suffering is notable in these readings through her intervention in the issue of Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany. She placed humanitarian needs at the forefront because she believed human lives were to be preserved. At the height of the Nazi killings in Germany, she developed New Deals for Jewish refugees that involved quick assimilation into the United States through the Department of Immigration (Johnson 24-2). She worked hand in hand with the Roosevelt administration to start an era of New Deals in American Society. This document handles the issues of wealth distribution that was presented by Huey Long, a former Louisiana governor and United States Senator in the 1930s. Long is known to have presented elaborate speeches over the radio and some of these are presented in this document as he speaks to the members of the Share our Wealth Society. In this speech, Long advocates for the redistribution of wealth in society through the use of sharply graduated incomes and inheritance taxes ((Johnson 24-3). His radical ideas led to an improvement in public health and public education programs in the

The Counseling of God Essay Example for Free

The Counseling of God Essay In the book Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling, Mark McMinn emphasizes the importance of involving Christianity in counseling activities. In this book he stresses the importance of assimilating Psychology and Christianity by citing numerous examples. McMinn highlights the importance of using the Scripture in counseling since not many in the population of counselors make use of such for the application in this profession. McMinn accentuates all the positive effects that the use of the Scripture, prayer, study of the Biblical texts and sacraments have in counseling and that everybody who lives to counsel other people should embrace this practice with their profession. Mostly, counselors try to avoid the inclusion of religion in what they do and McMinn argues that this could be dangerous since most emotional disturbances may be related to sin. According to McMinn confessing the sins in the seclusion of a counseling office is a vital part of the healing process of the client or the student. McMinn argues that integrating the notion of sin and the process of confession into the counseling process can help clients grow spiritually. McMinn also touched the subject on forgiveness and redemption. As McMinn has discussed, forgiveness may not be described only as an emotional relief. In contrast to psychotherapy, forgiveness and redemption involves understanding, self-awareness and humility and further, redemption is a way of healing or recuperation. Thus, from this claim, the restoration of meaning and worth in the client’s life may be realized through God. Psychology and Christianity are two disciplines that are very complex and are not very simple to simultaneously give meaning to, but by having a solid foundation in both fields could help the counseling profession to more conveniently assist their clients in recognizing it. Concrete Responses I was not a part of the best looking lot back in elementary school and high school. I was overweight, my nose is way too crooked and my teeth just decided to settle on top of each other. To make up with that, I would say that I talked a lot and I craved for a lot of attention. Every time somebody is showing off their new stuff like some neat shoes or a nice and expensive bag, I had a problem of severe jealousy and desire to have the same things. So I usually bug my parents to buy me one even if it is completely unnecessary. I only managed to ponder over these facts now that I am an adult. I know and I have realized that everything I was before only rooted from my almost brutal superficial nature. Unfortunately, I think I was not able to get over it. I think it was a bit inevitable to take that part with me as I grew older. Though I don’t get jealous over shoes anymore, I have shifted to things that are a bit more appropriate for my age. Most people have moments wherein they would feel inadequate and incompetent. However, my method in coping with that is to fulfill my â€Å"meagerness† by making up stories to the point of doing it at the expense of other people. I think the foulest thing that I have ever done is when I simultaneously came up with my own â€Å"fairy-tales† just to make myself look good and superior. I told people that my father was someone who has a really good status in our city, although my dad is just this normal guy. I told people that I owned coffee shops and that I did part-time work for a very reputable employer, I made a fake faculty I. D just so that I can have access to books without deadlines, I cheat my way towards so many ends and the worst is, I also have very controversial photos that I believe was going around online within the group that I belong to. That incident woke me up at some point and made me contemplate a lot on how I have been behaving. I believe that some people who knew me well are just staying silent about all the rotten actions that I have been plotting for my own benefit. They are staying silent because they don’t even attempt to rekindle our friendship and I know how much they hate me because of their utter indifference. By now, since we belong to the same University, the tales that I have started may have reached their knowledge at this point but I am thankful that they never gave me away. And right now all I feel is fear and guilt. What bothers me about this book is the permanent dread it is causing me. Ironically, I am fairly religious and I do believe in God. Since I feel that what I have been doing is nearing a very embarrassing publicity, I am kind of more worried by the fact that other people finding out about this would validate the fact that I really did it. I felt at first that it could just be a dream that I created. A dream of a life that I want to have, something that I have tried to put into actuality but with much pretense and deception. Now it will pretty much turn into a nightmare if worse comes to worst How can I deal with the truth behind the falsity I created when I would feel that God will be reprimanding me for it? I think that it would be less painful for me if people would judge me for what I have done rather that something telling to my face that I have violated so many aspects of the Bible in which I strongly believe in. On the other hand, how would this affect me if I were agnostic? Would I even care? Would I feel less guilty? I may feel terrible about how it would reflect me as a person and how other people would think of me. But that is just about it. If that is the case then I think I would be more vulnerable to doing it again, to new sets of people that will be introduced in my life. I guess, the baggage will indeed be less heavy but it would be very similar to needless shrubs that would be growing again and again if I don’t pull the roots out. I think the fact that I know I have failed God would make it a lot more difficult for me to once again do whatever sick things that I have done just to get ahead. As a strong believer I didn’t really think that this is just what I have been waiting for, just something that would rest each and every lie that I have told others right in front of me, just to get back to me with a dagger that is ready to stab me right in the heart. I know that it would be difficult to regain the trust of the people that I have so successfully fooled. But all I can actually do now is face it and start anew. I wouldn’t really have much of a choice because this is my life and thinking about â€Å"bright† ideas like leaving and starting a new life somewhere else with a new identity would just definitely make everything worse and is rather stupid by the way. I would just have to step into the limelight of shame and prove that I wouldn’t want to be in this kind of situation ever again. I wouldn’t promise or say anything but I would try my hardest and hope that everything would just go away. Even if it would take a lot of time to go back to how I was, I am willing to wait. I would move on, live life the way I should, prepare myself for all the consequences but I assure that these consequences will be accepted but it would never ever defeat me.

Involves and acid and a metal Essay Example for Free

Involves and acid and a metal Essay The Problem: To investigate one of the factors affecting the rate of reaction between a metal and an acid. Background Knowledge: The balanced equation for the reaction that takes place between magnesium and hydrochloric acid is: Mg + 2HCl == MgCl + Cl From this equation, we can already see that it involves and acid and a metal, therefore: Acid + metal == salt + hydrogen The ionisation equation of the hydrochloric acid is: HCl(aq) == H + Cl This experiment will demonstrate the breaking of bonds. Bonds break in order to allow certain atoms to re-arrange before the new bonds are formed. When magnesium reacts with the hydrochloric acid, a particle of this acid must collide with a particle of the magnesium with adequate energy in order to break the bonds between the magnesium and the hydrochloric acid. This is known as the Collision Theory. The collisions between the particles must collide more often and with more sufficient energy in order for the rate of reaction to increase. Although, not every collision produces a successful reaction as they require a certain amount of energy to break bonds. This is called activation energy. The rate of a chemical reaction refers to the speed at which it happens, and different metals react at various rates. The progress of a reaction can be measured by the rate of a formation of a product or by the decrease of reactants. There are four main factors that can be varied to affect the rate of reaction between magnesium and acid: 1. Surface area (of the reactants) 2. Concentration (of the reactant) 3. Temperature 4. The presence of a specific catalyst If the surface area were increased by using a magnesium powder, then the reaction would speed up, as there are more particles that are able to collide with the hydrochloric acid. The products of a reaction are formed as a result of the collisions between the reactant particles. Consequently, if the concentration of a solution is increased, collisions are more likely to occur. The more often the particles collide, the higher the chance that a reaction will take place. Subsequently, the rate of a chemical reaction increases if the concentration of the reactant is also increased. This is also because the rate is proportional to the concentration. E. g. Diagram to illustrate a high concentration and a low concentration: When the temperature at which the reaction is carried out is increased, the energy of the particles also increases. As a result of this, the particles move much faster allowing them to collide more often with other particles. Therefore, as there are more collisions and these collisions are more energetic, the rate of reaction increases. Catalysts are used to speed up a reaction. These biological catalysts are extremely specific, therefore only speed up certain reactions. Every chemical reaction taking place has an exclusive enzyme catalyst (an enzyme is a protein molecule produced in a living cell.) A catalyst will decrease the activation energy and forms an alternative path to help the collisions to be more successful. Safety: As I will be using glass conical flasks and burettes, I will be very careful when handling them in case I harm myself or others by dropping them. The hydrochloric acid is also corrosive, which means that it is able to eat away at materials that it is within contact with. Again, I should handle this carefully and ensure that there are no spillages. Water seems quite harmless, but if I spill any, it is possible that someone may skid or trip on it. For safety precautions, I will wear goggles and an overall and also tie my hair back. Method:   I will begin by attatching a plastic burette clamp to a clamp stand at a practical height to begin my experiment.   I will then fill my water tub approximately 1/2 full with water, and place it next to my clamp stand (so that the burette clamp is able to hole the burette above the tub. )   Next, I will fill my burette with tap water above 50cmi   and attach it to my clamp stand using the burette clamp. Very quickly, I will swiftly turn the burette upside down and speedily submerge it under the water. Afterwards, I will produce the solution of hydrochloric acid and water using separate measuring cylinders. I will remove the bung that is stopping the conical flask, and pour in the measurements of hydrochloric acid and water. I will then drop the magnesium ribbon (which will be cut using scissors), replace the bung and swirl the solution for a second, whilst starting the stop clock. I will take readings every 10 seconds. Diagram: Apparatus:   Burette   Delivery tube Clamp stand   Burette clamp   Magnesium tape   Distilled water   Stop clock   Conical flask Measuring cylinders (at least 2).